1st Amendment
7.0B
Press shield lawsAnti-SLAPP protectionsPublic forum protectionsCampus speech policies+2 more
State Freedom Profile
Virginia
Historic religious freedom traditionRecreational marijuana legalRight-to-work state
Across the hybrid multi-source index, Virginia is roughly average in overall freedom, ranking #27 of 50 states with a score of 57.1/100. Its strongest areas are drug policy, property rights, economic freedom, while it scores lowest in criminal justice, regulatory burden, 2nd amendment.
- best
- 8.0
- average
- 5.7
- worst
- 3.1
57.1
Grade C
0255075100
FDCBA
Score by category
How Virginia performs in each freedom category, ranked best to worst.
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Category breakdown
Each score is drawn from the publisher listed on the tile. Hover the source chip for edition and methodology detail.
2nd Amendment
3.1F
Guns & Ammo 2023 — rank 35/50
Constitutional/permitless carryConcealed carry shall-issue vs may-issueAssault weapon restrictionsMagazine capacity limits+3 more
4th Amendment
4.5D+
IJ Policing for Profit 2025 — forfeiture grade D-
Civil asset forfeiture protectionsWarrant requirements for digital dataSurveillance camera/drone restrictionsLicense plate reader policies+2 more
Economic Freedom
7.1B
Fraser EFNA 2024 (Overall subn score 7.11 for 2023) — rank 15/50
State income tax ratesSales tax ratesProperty tax burdenBusiness tax climate+3 more
Criminal Justice
4.5D+
Vera People in Prison 2024 — rank 28/50 (315/100k)
Incarceration rate per capitaPolice accountability measuresBail reformMandatory minimum sentencing+3 more
Drug Policy
8.0A-
Cannabis status 2025 — Legal No Retail (adult possession legal, no commercial retail)
Recreational marijuana legalityMedical marijuana programDecriminalization of possessionDrug court availability+2 more
Property Rights
8.0A-
IJ Eminent Domain 2025 — post-Kelo protections B
Eminent domain protectionsZoning flexibilityRent control restrictionsBuilding code burden+2 more
Religious Liberty
6.5B-
State RFRA (Religious Freedom Restoration Act)Conscience protections for professionalsReligious organization exemptionsReligious land use protections+2 more
Education Choice
4.9D+
EdChoice ABCs 2025 — non-universal, 1 program — top program covers 43% of students
School voucher programsEducation savings accounts (ESAs)Charter school availabilityHomeschool regulation level+2 more
Regulatory Burden
3.5D-
Mercatus RegData 2024 — rank 33/48 (145,818 restrictions)
Occupational licensing requirementsBusiness licensing burdenRegulatory code volumePermit processing times+2 more
Provenance
Sources & methodology
- 7.0
1st Amendment
FreedomRankings Editorial (no strong annual state-level source exists for 1st Amendment speech protections)
- 3.1
2nd Amendment
Guns & Ammo "Best States for Gun Owners"
- 4.5
4th Amendment
Institute for Justice -- "Policing for Profit" (asset forfeiture grades)
- 7.1
Economic Freedom
Fraser Institute -- Economic Freedom of North America (EFNA)
- 4.5
Criminal Justice
Vera Institute -- "People in Prison" (annual incarceration data)
- 8.0
Drug Policy
Per-state cannabis legality status (composite: NORML state pages, DISA legality map, NCSL medical cannabis tracker)
- 8.0
Property Rights
Institute for Justice -- Eminent Domain / Castle Coalition
- 6.5
Religious Liberty
FreedomRankings Editorial (no strong annual state-level source exists for religious liberty rankings)
- 4.9
Education Choice
EdChoice -- "ABCs of School Choice"
- 3.5
Regulatory Burden
Mercatus Center -- RegData state regulatory restrictions
Frequently Asked
Virginia Freedom — Common Questions
Answers are generated from Virginia's actual category scores and rank. Toggle the source to recompute against a different dataset.
How does Virginia rank among US states for freedom?
Virginia ranks #27 of 50 US states with a freedom score of 57.1/100. The score is a weighted average of 10 categories — constitutional rights, economic freedom, criminal justice, drug policy, education choice, and more — drawn from the FreedomRankings Hybrid multi-source index (Fraser Institute, EdChoice, Institute for Justice, Vera Institute, NORML, Mercatus RegData, Guns & Ammo).
What are Virginia's strongest freedoms?
Virginia scores highest in Drug Policy (8/10), Property Rights (8/10), and Economic Freedom (7.1/10). These are the categories where Virginia is most protective of individual liberty relative to other US states.
What are Virginia's biggest freedom restrictions?
Virginia scores lowest in 2nd Amendment (3.1/10), Regulatory Burden (3.5/10), and Criminal Justice (4.5/10). These are the categories where Virginia is most restrictive relative to other US states.
Is Virginia a gun-friendly state?
Virginia scores 3.1/10 on Second Amendment / gun rights, which places it significantly restrictive on firearms. This score reflects carry laws, permit requirements, magazine and assault-weapon restrictions, red flag laws, and castle doctrine / stand-your-ground protections.
How does Virginia score on economic freedom and taxes?
Virginia scores 7.1/10 on economic freedom, placing it above average for economic freedom. The score reflects state income-tax rates, sales and property taxes, business tax climate, right-to-work status, and the overall regulatory burden on economic activity.
What is Virginia's drug policy score?
Virginia scores 8/10 on drug policy, which makes it among the most permissive drug-policy regimes in the country. The score incorporates recreational and medical marijuana legality, decriminalization of possession, harm-reduction programs, and sentencing for drug offenses.
How does Virginia rank for school choice and education freedom?
Virginia scores 4.9/10 on education choice, placing it below average for education freedom. The score reflects voucher programs, education savings accounts, charter-school access, homeschool regulations, and tax-credit scholarships.
How is Virginia's freedom score calculated?
Each of Virginia's 10 category scores (0–10) is a weighted average, then multiplied by 10 to produce the overall 0–100 freedom score. Categories are weighted equally by default, but visitors can adjust the weights on the rankings page to produce a personalised ranking. The default source is the FreedomRankings Hybrid multi-source index; the Cato Institute 2023 edition and an editorial assessment are also available as toggles. See the methodology page for per-category source attribution.
Elected Officials
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