1st Amendment
7.0B
Press shield lawsAnti-SLAPP protectionsPublic forum protectionsCampus speech policies+2 more
State Freedom Profile
Montana
Constitutional privacy rightNo sales taxConstitutional carry
Across the hybrid multi-source index, Montana is above average in overall freedom, ranking #3 of 50 states with a score of 72.1/100. Its strongest areas are 2nd amendment, drug policy, regulatory burden, while it scores lowest in economic freedom, property rights, 4th amendment.
- best
- 9.6
- average
- 7.2
- worst
- 4.5
72.1
Grade B
0255075100
FDCBA
Score by category
How Montana performs in each freedom category, ranked best to worst.
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Category breakdown
Each score is drawn from the publisher listed on the tile. Hover the source chip for edition and methodology detail.
2nd Amendment
9.6A+
Guns & Ammo 2023 — rank 3/50
Constitutional/permitless carryConcealed carry shall-issue vs may-issueAssault weapon restrictionsMagazine capacity limits+3 more
4th Amendment
4.5D+
IJ Policing for Profit 2025 — forfeiture grade D-
Civil asset forfeiture protectionsWarrant requirements for digital dataSurveillance camera/drone restrictionsLicense plate reader policies+2 more
Economic Freedom
5.5C
Fraser EFNA 2024 (Overall subn score 6.79 for 2023) — rank 23/50
State income tax ratesSales tax ratesProperty tax burdenBusiness tax climate+3 more
Criminal Justice
7.3B
Vera People in Prison 2024 — rank 14/50 (257/100k)
Incarceration rate per capitaPolice accountability measuresBail reformMandatory minimum sentencing+3 more
Drug Policy
9.5A+
Cannabis status 2025 — Fully Legal (recreational use legal, retail sales operating)
Recreational marijuana legalityMedical marijuana programDecriminalization of possessionDrug court availability+2 more
Property Rights
5.0C-
IJ Eminent Domain 2025 — post-Kelo protections D
Eminent domain protectionsZoning flexibilityRent control restrictionsBuilding code burden+2 more
Religious Liberty
7.0B
State RFRA (Religious Freedom Restoration Act)Conscience protections for professionalsReligious organization exemptionsReligious land use protections+2 more
Education Choice
7.3B
EdChoice ABCs 2025 — universal eligibility, 2 programs — top program covers 100% of students
School voucher programsEducation savings accounts (ESAs)Charter school availabilityHomeschool regulation level+2 more
Regulatory Burden
9.4A+
Mercatus RegData 2024 — rank 4/48 (59,654 restrictions)
Occupational licensing requirementsBusiness licensing burdenRegulatory code volumePermit processing times+2 more
Provenance
Sources & methodology
- 7.0
1st Amendment
FreedomRankings Editorial (no strong annual state-level source exists for 1st Amendment speech protections)
- 9.6
2nd Amendment
Guns & Ammo "Best States for Gun Owners"
- 4.5
4th Amendment
Institute for Justice -- "Policing for Profit" (asset forfeiture grades)
- 5.5
Economic Freedom
Fraser Institute -- Economic Freedom of North America (EFNA)
- 7.3
Criminal Justice
Vera Institute -- "People in Prison" (annual incarceration data)
- 9.5
Drug Policy
Per-state cannabis legality status (composite: NORML state pages, DISA legality map, NCSL medical cannabis tracker)
- 5.0
Property Rights
Institute for Justice -- Eminent Domain / Castle Coalition
- 7.0
Religious Liberty
FreedomRankings Editorial (no strong annual state-level source exists for religious liberty rankings)
- 7.3
Education Choice
EdChoice -- "ABCs of School Choice"
- 9.4
Regulatory Burden
Mercatus Center -- RegData state regulatory restrictions
Frequently Asked
Montana Freedom — Common Questions
Answers are generated from Montana's actual category scores and rank. Toggle the source to recompute against a different dataset.
How does Montana rank among US states for freedom?
Montana ranks #3 of 50 US states with a freedom score of 72.1/100. The score is a weighted average of 10 categories — constitutional rights, economic freedom, criminal justice, drug policy, education choice, and more — drawn from the FreedomRankings Hybrid multi-source index (Fraser Institute, EdChoice, Institute for Justice, Vera Institute, NORML, Mercatus RegData, Guns & Ammo).
What are Montana's strongest freedoms?
Montana scores highest in 2nd Amendment (9.6/10), Drug Policy (9.5/10), and Regulatory Burden (9.4/10). These are the categories where Montana is most protective of individual liberty relative to other US states.
What are Montana's biggest freedom restrictions?
Montana scores lowest in 4th Amendment (4.5/10), Property Rights (5/10), and Economic Freedom (5.5/10). These are the categories where Montana is most restrictive relative to other US states.
Is Montana a gun-friendly state?
Montana scores 9.6/10 on Second Amendment / gun rights, which places it among the most gun-friendly states in the country. This score reflects carry laws, permit requirements, magazine and assault-weapon restrictions, red flag laws, and castle doctrine / stand-your-ground protections.
How does Montana score on economic freedom and taxes?
Montana scores 5.5/10 on economic freedom, placing it roughly average for economic freedom. The score reflects state income-tax rates, sales and property taxes, business tax climate, right-to-work status, and the overall regulatory burden on economic activity.
What is Montana's drug policy score?
Montana scores 9.5/10 on drug policy, which makes it among the most permissive drug-policy regimes in the country. The score incorporates recreational and medical marijuana legality, decriminalization of possession, harm-reduction programs, and sentencing for drug offenses.
How does Montana rank for school choice and education freedom?
Montana scores 7.3/10 on education choice, placing it above average for education freedom. The score reflects voucher programs, education savings accounts, charter-school access, homeschool regulations, and tax-credit scholarships.
How is Montana's freedom score calculated?
Each of Montana's 10 category scores (0–10) is a weighted average, then multiplied by 10 to produce the overall 0–100 freedom score. Categories are weighted equally by default, but visitors can adjust the weights on the rankings page to produce a personalised ranking. The default source is the FreedomRankings Hybrid multi-source index; the Cato Institute 2023 edition and an editorial assessment are also available as toggles. See the methodology page for per-category source attribution.
Elected Officials
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