IRS tax-return data · 2022–2023

Massachusetts Migration: Who Moved In, Who Moved Out

Where people who left Massachusetts went, where its new arrivals came from, and the income that moved with them. Counted from the addresses on tax returns.

Source data last read October 10, 2026. The IRS publishes one edition a year.

Moved in

116,816

People, from other states, 2022–2023

Moved out

145,183

People, to other states, 2022–2023

Net

−28,367

People: moved in minus moved out

Net income

−$4.02 billion

Arrivals’ income minus leavers’, earned in 2022

Between the 2022 and 2023 filing seasons, 116,816 people appear on tax returns that moved into Massachusetts from another state, and 145,183 on returns that moved out. On balance Massachusetts lost 28,367 people to the rest of the country. The households that arrived reported $7.49 billion in income and the ones that left reported $11.5 billion.

Its largest net gain came from New Jersey (+1,030), and its largest net loss was to Florida (−7,879).

What this counts, and what it does not

These are tax returns, not a head count. The IRS compares the address on a return filed in 2022 with the address on the same taxpayer’s return filed in 2023. “People” is the number of individuals listed on those returns.

Anyone who did not file in both years is missing: many students, retirees and low earners with no filing requirement, and anyone whose two returns could not be matched. The real number of people who moved is higher.

The address is a mailing address, which is not always where someone lives, and a move is dated by when the return was filed, not when the truck was loaded.

Income is the adjusted gross income on the second return (earned in 2022), attributed to the state the household moved to. It measures the income of the people who moved, not money a state “lost” or “gained”: much of it is wages from a job that may itself have changed.

Moves to and from other countries, military post offices and the US territories are not included in the totals here, and the IRS withholds any state-to-state flow of fewer than ten returns.

Where people who left Massachusetts went

1Florida19,927
2New Hampshire16,174
3New York13,534
4California10,215
5Rhode Island9,613
6Connecticut8,873
7Texas6,913
8North Carolina5,780
9Maine4,870
10Pennsylvania4,382

Top 10 destinations for people leaving Massachusetts, 2022–2023. Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division.

Where new arrivals came from

1New York14,158
2Florida12,048
3New Hampshire9,174
4California9,037
5Connecticut8,711
6Rhode Island7,558
7Texas5,207
8New Jersey4,973
9Pennsylvania4,493
10North Carolina3,234

Top 10 origins of people moving to Massachusetts, 2022–2023. Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division.

Massachusetts and every other state

People moving in each direction, and the difference. A positive net means Massachusetts gained from that state.

State	Moved in from	Moved out to	Net
Alabama	471	541	−70
Alaska	156	204	−48
Arizona	1,426	1,614	−188
Arkansas	253	326	−73
California	9,037	10,215	−1,178
Colorado	1,900	2,544	−644
Connecticut	8,711	8,873	−162
Delaware	317	360	−43
District of Columbia	1,000	1,394	−394
Florida	12,048	19,927	−7,879
Georgia	2,382	3,182	−800
Hawaii	429	445	−16
Idaho	164	209	−45
Illinois	2,546	2,516	+30
Indiana	997	834	+163
Iowa	341	309	+32
Kansas	324	329	−5
Kentucky	483	510	−27
Louisiana	518	420	+98
Maine	2,914	4,870	−1,956
Maryland	2,515	2,321	+194
Michigan	1,585	1,343	+242
Minnesota	991	886	+105
Mississippi	223	184	+39
Missouri	805	685	+120
Montana	145	248	−103
Nebraska	185	219	−34
Nevada	531	596	−65
New Hampshire	9,174	16,174	−7,000
New Jersey	4,973	3,943	+1,030
New Mexico	335	327	+8
New York	14,158	13,534	+624
North Carolina	3,234	5,780	−2,546
North Dakota	134	78	+56
Ohio	1,870	1,928	−58
Oklahoma	392	337	+55
Oregon	888	895	−7
Pennsylvania	4,493	4,382	+111
Rhode Island	7,558	9,613	−2,055
South Carolina	1,347	3,449	−2,102
South Dakota	107	119	−12
Tennessee	1,201	1,695	−494
Texas	5,207	6,913	−1,706
Utah	625	756	−131
Vermont	1,706	2,240	−534
Virginia	3,135	3,577	−442
Washington	1,880	2,420	−540
West Virginia	137	160	−23
Wisconsin	787	652	+135
Wyoming	78	107	−29

Migration between Massachusetts and each other state, people on matched tax returns, 2022–2023.

Sources and methods

Every figure on this page comes from one of the datasets below and nowhere else. Nothing is estimated, interpolated or carried over from a previous edition. Where two sources measure something similar, they are reported separately rather than combined, because they are not measuring the same thing.

SOI Tax Stats: Migration Data 2022–2023, state-to-state outflow
Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division
Covers
Returns filed in 2022 and 2023, 50 states and DC
Last read
October 10, 2026
The IRS matches each individual income tax return filed in 2022 to the same taxpayer’s return filed in 2023 and compares the addresses. People and income are taken from the second return, so the income is what those households earned in 2022. Amounts are published in thousands of dollars.
Exact file we read Publisher’s page
SOI Tax Stats: Migration Data 2022–2023, state-to-state inflow
Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division
Covers
Returns filed in 2022 and 2023, 50 states and DC
Last read
October 10, 2026
The same flows listed by destination instead of origin. We read both files and publish a flow only when the two agree on it, which they do for every pair. The publisher’s page linked here is the IRS users guide, which defines every term used on this page.
Exact file we read Publisher’s page

Found something wrong? Our corrections log records every fix we have made, and we would rather hear about an error than have it stand.

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