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IRS tax-return data · 2022–2023

North Dakota Migration: Who Moved In, Who Moved Out

Where people who left North Dakota went, where its new arrivals came from, and the income that moved with them. Counted from the addresses on tax returns.

Source data last read . The IRS publishes one edition a year.

Moved in

23,095

People, from other states, 2022–2023

Moved out

23,852

People, to other states, 2022–2023

Net

−757

People: moved in minus moved out

Net income

−$144 million

Arrivals’ income minus leavers’, earned in 2022

Between the 2022 and 2023 filing seasons, 23,095 people appear on tax returns that moved into North Dakota from another state, and 23,852 on returns that moved out. On balance North Dakota lost 757 people to the rest of the country. The households that arrived reported $752 million in income and the ones that left reported $896 million.

Its largest net gain came from California (+538), and its largest net loss was to Minnesota (−475).

Where people who left North Dakota went

  1. 1Minnesota6,396
  2. 2Texas1,772
  3. 3Arizona1,132
  4. 4South Dakota1,131
  5. 5Florida1,107
  6. 6Colorado896
  7. 7Montana845
  8. 8California808
  9. 9Washington548
  10. 10Wisconsin450
Top 10 destinations for people leaving North Dakota, 2022–2023. Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division.

Where new arrivals came from

  1. 1Minnesota5,921
  2. 2Texas1,617
  3. 3California1,346
  4. 4South Dakota1,115
  5. 5Montana1,034
  6. 6Arizona893
  7. 7Florida892
  8. 8Colorado767
  9. 9Washington646
  10. 10Idaho460
Top 10 origins of people moving to North Dakota, 2022–2023. Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division.

North Dakota and every other state

People moving in each direction, and the difference. A positive net means North Dakota gained from that state.

StateMoved in fromMoved out toNet
Alabama155228−73
Alaska211127+84
Arizona8931,132−239
Arkansas152186−34
California1,346808+538
Colorado767896−129
Connecticut3843−5
Delaware30300
District of Columbia1625−9
Florida8921,107−215
Georgia402425−23
Hawaii12848+80
Idaho460352+108
Illinois361364−3
Indiana219216+3
Iowa291407−116
Kansas227206+21
Kentucky162137+25
Louisiana238272−34
Maine6344+19
Maryland150145+5
Massachusetts78134−56
Michigan279318−39
Minnesota5,9216,396−475
Mississippi170124+46
Missouri317410−93
Montana1,034845+189
Nebraska296307−11
Nevada352309+43
New Hampshire2022−2
New Jersey132107+25
New Mexico232206+26
New York274195+79
North Carolina275385−110
Ohio245396−151
Oklahoma375339+36
Oregon340250+90
Pennsylvania257325−68
Rhode Island2611+15
South Carolina185248−63
South Dakota1,1151,131−16
Tennessee214259−45
Texas1,6171,772−155
Utah327413−86
Vermontwithheldwithheld—
Virginia324357−33
Washington646548+98
West Virginia6047+13
Wisconsin391450−59
Wyoming392350+42
Migration between North Dakota and each other state, people on matched tax returns, 2022–2023.

“Withheld” means the IRS did not publish that flow because it involved fewer than ten returns. It is not zero, and it is small. For North Dakota this applies to Vermont.

Sources and methods

Every figure on this page comes from one of the datasets below and nowhere else. Nothing is estimated, interpolated or carried over from a previous edition. Where two sources measure something similar, they are reported separately rather than combined, because they are not measuring the same thing.

  • SOI Tax Stats: Migration Data 2022–2023, state-to-state outflow

    Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division

    Covers
    Returns filed in 2022 and 2023, 50 states and DC
    Last read
    October 10, 2026

    The IRS matches each individual income tax return filed in 2022 to the same taxpayer’s return filed in 2023 and compares the addresses. People and income are taken from the second return, so the income is what those households earned in 2022. Amounts are published in thousands of dollars.

    Exact file we readPublisher’s page

  • SOI Tax Stats: Migration Data 2022–2023, state-to-state inflow

    Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division

    Covers
    Returns filed in 2022 and 2023, 50 states and DC
    Last read
    October 10, 2026

    The same flows listed by destination instead of origin. We read both files and publish a flow only when the two agree on it, which they do for every pair. The publisher’s page linked here is the IRS users guide, which defines every term used on this page.

    Exact file we readPublisher’s page

Found something wrong? Our corrections log records every fix we have made, and we would rather hear about an error than have it stand.

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