IRS tax-return data · 2022–2023

Vermont Migration: Who Moved In, Who Moved Out

Where people who left Vermont went, where its new arrivals came from, and the income that moved with them. Counted from the addresses on tax returns.

Source data last read October 10, 2026. The IRS publishes one edition a year.

Moved in

16,939

People, from other states, 2022–2023

Moved out

16,855

People, to other states, 2022–2023

Net

+84

People: moved in minus moved out

Net income

$93 million

Arrivals’ income minus leavers’, earned in 2022

Between the 2022 and 2023 filing seasons, 16,939 people appear on tax returns that moved into Vermont from another state, and 16,855 on returns that moved out. On balance Vermont gained 84 people to the rest of the country. The households that arrived reported $926 million in income and the ones that left reported $833 million.

Its largest net gain came from Massachusetts (+534), and its largest net loss was to North Carolina (−417).

What this counts, and what it does not

These are tax returns, not a head count. The IRS compares the address on a return filed in 2022 with the address on the same taxpayer’s return filed in 2023. “People” is the number of individuals listed on those returns.

Anyone who did not file in both years is missing: many students, retirees and low earners with no filing requirement, and anyone whose two returns could not be matched. The real number of people who moved is higher.

The address is a mailing address, which is not always where someone lives, and a move is dated by when the return was filed, not when the truck was loaded.

Income is the adjusted gross income on the second return (earned in 2022), attributed to the state the household moved to. It measures the income of the people who moved, not money a state “lost” or “gained”: much of it is wages from a job that may itself have changed.

Moves to and from other countries, military post offices and the US territories are not included in the totals here, and the IRS withholds any state-to-state flow of fewer than ten returns.

Where people who left Vermont went

Top 10 destinations for people leaving Vermont, 2022–2023. Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division.

Where new arrivals came from

Top 10 origins of people moving to Vermont, 2022–2023. Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division.

Vermont and every other state

People moving in each direction, and the difference. A positive net means Vermont gained from that state.

State	Moved in from	Moved out to	Net
Alabama	77	106	−29
Alaska	54	43	+11
Arizona	281	256	+25
Arkansas	45	21	+24
California	784	595	+189
Colorado	489	448	+41
Connecticut	759	633	+126
Delaware	41	38	+3
District of Columbia	99	105	−6
Florida	1,239	1,634	−395
Georgia	217	222	−5
Hawaii	40	41	−1
Idaho	63	99	−36
Illinois	172	176	−4
Indiana	111	108	+3
Iowa	46	23	+23
Kansas	55	47	+8
Kentucky	77	80	−3
Louisiana	88	53	+35
Maine	511	698	−187
Maryland	249	214	+35
Massachusetts	2,240	1,706	+534
Michigan	151	205	−54
Minnesota	77	116	−39
Mississippi	39	17	+22
Missouri	101	83	+18
Montana	97	108	−11
Nebraska	46	withheld	—
Nevada	68	72	−4
New Hampshire	1,865	1,994	−129
New Jersey	560	307	+253
New Mexico	64	66	−2
New York	2,306	2,106	+200
North Carolina	431	848	−417
North Dakota	withheld	withheld	—
Ohio	227	203	+24
Oklahoma	46	59	−13
Oregon	230	188	+42
Pennsylvania	654	515	+139
Rhode Island	231	171	+60
South Carolina	236	534	−298
South Dakota	27	23	+4
Tennessee	178	292	−114
Texas	575	516	+59
Utah	192	182	+10
Virginia	364	437	−73
Washington	288	279	+9
West Virginia	29	42	−13
Wisconsin	88	109	−21
Wyoming	32	37	−5

Migration between Vermont and each other state, people on matched tax returns, 2022–2023.

“Withheld” means the IRS did not publish that flow because it involved fewer than ten returns. It is not zero, and it is small. For Vermont this applies to North Dakota, Nebraska.

Sources and methods

Every figure on this page comes from one of the datasets below and nowhere else. Nothing is estimated, interpolated or carried over from a previous edition. Where two sources measure something similar, they are reported separately rather than combined, because they are not measuring the same thing.

SOI Tax Stats: Migration Data 2022–2023, state-to-state outflow
Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division
Covers
Returns filed in 2022 and 2023, 50 states and DC
Last read
October 10, 2026
The IRS matches each individual income tax return filed in 2022 to the same taxpayer’s return filed in 2023 and compares the addresses. People and income are taken from the second return, so the income is what those households earned in 2022. Amounts are published in thousands of dollars.
Exact file we read Publisher’s page
SOI Tax Stats: Migration Data 2022–2023, state-to-state inflow
Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division
Covers
Returns filed in 2022 and 2023, 50 states and DC
Last read
October 10, 2026
The same flows listed by destination instead of origin. We read both files and publish a flow only when the two agree on it, which they do for every pair. The publisher’s page linked here is the IRS users guide, which defines every term used on this page.
Exact file we read Publisher’s page

Found something wrong? Our corrections log records every fix we have made, and we would rather hear about an error than have it stand.

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