IRS tax-return data · 2022–2023

Virginia Migration: Who Moved In, Who Moved Out

Where people who left Virginia went, where its new arrivals came from, and the income that moved with them. Counted from the addresses on tax returns.

Source data last read October 10, 2026. The IRS publishes one edition a year.

Moved in

230,220

People, from other states, 2022–2023

Moved out

230,262

People, to other states, 2022–2023

Net

−42

People: moved in minus moved out

Net income

−$912 million

Arrivals’ income minus leavers’, earned in 2022

Between the 2022 and 2023 filing seasons, 230,220 people appear on tax returns that moved into Virginia from another state, and 230,262 on returns that moved out. On balance Virginia lost 42 people to the rest of the country. The households that arrived reported $11.2 billion in income and the ones that left reported $12.1 billion.

Its largest net gain came from New York (+3,721), and its largest net loss was to Florida (−4,267).

What this counts, and what it does not

These are tax returns, not a head count. The IRS compares the address on a return filed in 2022 with the address on the same taxpayer’s return filed in 2023. “People” is the number of individuals listed on those returns.

Anyone who did not file in both years is missing: many students, retirees and low earners with no filing requirement, and anyone whose two returns could not be matched. The real number of people who moved is higher.

The address is a mailing address, which is not always where someone lives, and a move is dated by when the return was filed, not when the truck was loaded.

Income is the adjusted gross income on the second return (earned in 2022), attributed to the state the household moved to. It measures the income of the people who moved, not money a state “lost” or “gained”: much of it is wages from a job that may itself have changed.

Moves to and from other countries, military post offices and the US territories are not included in the totals here, and the IRS withholds any state-to-state flow of fewer than ten returns.

Where people who left Virginia went

1North Carolina26,310
2Florida25,540
3Maryland21,646
4Texas17,038
5California13,940
6New York9,263
7Georgia9,204
8South Carolina8,853
9Pennsylvania8,802
10Tennessee7,627

Top 10 destinations for people leaving Virginia, 2022–2023. Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division.

Where new arrivals came from

1Maryland23,697
2North Carolina22,403
3Florida21,273
4California17,124
5Texas14,008
6New York12,984
7Pennsylvania10,056
8District of Columbia9,007
9Georgia8,619
10New Jersey6,905

Top 10 origins of people moving to Virginia, 2022–2023. Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division.

Virginia and every other state

People moving in each direction, and the difference. A positive net means Virginia gained from that state.

State	Moved in from	Moved out to	Net
Alabama	2,559	3,108	−549
Alaska	884	823	+61
Arizona	3,540	3,039	+501
Arkansas	872	945	−73
California	17,124	13,940	+3,184
Colorado	4,636	5,190	−554
Connecticut	2,518	1,772	+746
Delaware	1,415	1,846	−431
District of Columbia	9,007	6,216	+2,791
Florida	21,273	25,540	−4,267
Georgia	8,619	9,204	−585
Hawaii	2,641	2,204	+437
Idaho	641	724	−83
Illinois	4,085	3,619	+466
Indiana	2,083	2,081	+2
Iowa	814	748	+66
Kansas	1,380	1,268	+112
Kentucky	2,165	2,127	+38
Louisiana	1,999	1,596	+403
Maine	911	958	−47
Maryland	23,697	21,646	+2,051
Massachusetts	3,577	3,135	+442
Michigan	2,777	2,997	−220
Minnesota	1,342	1,333	+9
Mississippi	1,334	1,245	+89
Missouri	1,991	2,019	−28
Montana	402	454	−52
Nebraska	759	743	+16
Nevada	1,743	1,567	+176
New Hampshire	884	884	0
New Jersey	6,905	4,139	+2,766
New Mexico	1,190	959	+231
New York	12,984	9,263	+3,721
North Carolina	22,403	26,310	−3,907
North Dakota	357	324	+33
Ohio	4,527	5,147	−620
Oklahoma	1,382	1,339	+43
Oregon	1,280	1,126	+154
Pennsylvania	10,056	8,802	+1,254
Rhode Island	869	787	+82
South Carolina	6,476	8,853	−2,377
South Dakota	341	523	−182
Tennessee	6,435	7,627	−1,192
Texas	14,008	17,038	−3,030
Utah	1,817	1,570	+247
Vermont	437	364	+73
Washington	4,995	4,619	+376
West Virginia	4,520	6,733	−2,213
Wisconsin	1,291	1,454	−163
Wyoming	275	314	−39

Migration between Virginia and each other state, people on matched tax returns, 2022–2023.

Sources and methods

Every figure on this page comes from one of the datasets below and nowhere else. Nothing is estimated, interpolated or carried over from a previous edition. Where two sources measure something similar, they are reported separately rather than combined, because they are not measuring the same thing.

SOI Tax Stats: Migration Data 2022–2023, state-to-state outflow
Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division
Covers
Returns filed in 2022 and 2023, 50 states and DC
Last read
October 10, 2026
The IRS matches each individual income tax return filed in 2022 to the same taxpayer’s return filed in 2023 and compares the addresses. People and income are taken from the second return, so the income is what those households earned in 2022. Amounts are published in thousands of dollars.
Exact file we read Publisher’s page
SOI Tax Stats: Migration Data 2022–2023, state-to-state inflow
Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division
Covers
Returns filed in 2022 and 2023, 50 states and DC
Last read
October 10, 2026
The same flows listed by destination instead of origin. We read both files and publish a flow only when the two agree on it, which they do for every pair. The publisher’s page linked here is the IRS users guide, which defines every term used on this page.
Exact file we read Publisher’s page

Found something wrong? Our corrections log records every fix we have made, and we would rather hear about an error than have it stand.

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